If there's been 1 immutable rule all over American television record, it's been community news. Practically from The instant the station initial signed on air, they started carrying area news the place sporting activities usually performed A serious role. A lack of regular programming sources in these early a long time led quite a few stations to show to sports to fill their broadcasting schedules. Ny's WNBT television signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its initially broadcast was a professional baseball sport ("NBC Historical past", 2003). When producing area newscasts to suit their audience, these stations usually incorporated sports activities and weather conditions. One example is, in 1961 WKMG begun its first complete-time news department in Orlando. Newscasts consist of Frank Vaught's sports activities reviews ("The background of," 2003).
Sports activities have held a dominant place in neighborhood news broadcasting for a number of many years, but current business trends have called into question this posture. Segmented audiences, switching demographics, and declining information profitability have pressured the station to reexamine its regional sports activities segment. “Sports is one of the past parts of Tv set in which individuals do issues just how they generally have,” claims television govt Elliott Wiser. “(Currently) a whole new technique is required” (Deggans, 2000).
Issue for Area Tv set News
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Challenge for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/3가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 9월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and tv News Director’s Affiliation(“Shifting channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). TV 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 four~5개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Challenge for Regional Television Sports activities
None of the is Excellent news with the regional television athletics sector, that is significantly below scrutiny from station execs. Despite its classic presence in nearby newscasts, athletics have lengthy been viewed as a "tuning" aspect. In keeping with a survey because of the Radio and Television News Administrators Foundation, only 31% of viewers mentioned they were being 'really fascinated' in sports and 32% have been 'somewhat interested' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares 스포츠중계 to seventy two% who expressed desire within the weather conditions. "Sporting activities are very polarizing." explained tv information advisor Brent Magid. “The majority can acknowledge, go away, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Research have revealed that Ladies are much a lot less interested in sports activities than Gentlemen (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and a lot of stations have acted appropriately. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the Activity from its early evening newscasts. Based on station news director Jim Church, "Telling a story when no person is listening will not be a good use of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eliminated the sport, while others have decreased their allotted time. Dependant upon the working day of your 7 days (weekends have extra sports time), sports segments have historically obtained in between three and five minutes of local news protection. Given that selection is all the way down to a few moment. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Minimize time for sports activities by just three along with a half minutes for three several hours of stories. Some others from the marketplace have carried out new ways, including sports activities stories that focus extra on persons than scores or cater to your wider news viewers. "What we are wanting to do now is address athletics as news," says KDKA information director Al Blinke. “We want to do some thing beyond sporting activities” (Finder, 2002).
Dialogue
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Tv set 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Adjustments in local sporting activities could possibly be a reflection with the incredible upheaval going on through broadcast news. If your sports activities sector is now not Protected, How about other news features? CBS Group Information Vice President Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) reported, “[All of this] forces us to reexamine the [information] model.”
On a far more immediate stage, modifications from the nearby athletics sector straight have an impact on A huge number of aspiring sportscasters. Stations which have been lowering their determination to sports also are reducing their sports activities workforce concentrations, which impacts the job market place. Another news director explained, "[Sporting activities on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two complete-time sportsmen to 1 comprehensive-time, 1 in command of the information three days every week, and it had been a struggle to remain there.”
Equally essential, alterations in just how sporting activities are presented are forcing sports activities broadcasters to discover new procedures. Now not can sportscasters focus on scoring. They've to generate the presentation additional partaking for normal admirers. This is also essential for journalism educational institutions across the nation, which ought to doc what stations want from the sporting activities sector and update their schooling curricula.
Will these variations work or persist? Sports journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented on the change in KDKA, “Let’s reserve ultimate judgment right up until September, once the Steelers, university, and high school football seasons start in earnest. Then the station will probably be . There's an error in clock administration.”